本期編輯/開(kāi)鴻順
油漆做為木門(mén)工廠加工的后期工藝，它的優(yōu)劣直接影響著最后的使用效果。同時(shí)油漆成本也是木門(mén)成本上最大的部分之一。油漆的種類大致分為酚醛漆、醇酸漆、聚氨脂漆、硝基漆、聚脂漆(PE漆)及PU漆。其中酚醛漆和醇酸漆由于漆膜質(zhì)感及附著力差，基本在裝修中淘汰，大量使用的是硝基漆、聚脂漆及PU漆。
As the late processing technology of wooden door factory, the quality of paint directly affects the final use effect. At the same time, the cost of painting is also one of the largest parts of the cost of wooden doors. The types of paint are generally divided into phenolic paint, alkyd paint, polyurethane paint, nitro paint, polyester paint (PE paint) and PU paint.
硝基漆由于施工比較簡(jiǎn)單、適合手工操作，被大多數(shù)手工裝飾要木做使用，便其漆膜薄，手感不好，效果不理想。PU漆的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是易打磨，加工過(guò)程省時(shí)省力，缺點(diǎn)是漆膜軟，輕微磕碰極易產(chǎn)生白影凹痕。如果在漆層中至少有一層是PE漆，就會(huì)大大減低這種可能。
Nitrocellulose paint is relatively simple in construction and suitable for manual operation. It is used by most of the manual decoration, but its paint film is thin, the feel is not good, and the effect is not ideal. PU paint has the advantages of easy polishing, time-saving and labor-saving processing.
PE漆(聚酯漆)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是漆膜硬，遮蓋力強(qiáng)，透明度好，能更好地表現(xiàn)木皮紋理，缺點(diǎn)是難于打磨，加工過(guò)程費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力，絕大多數(shù)廠家不愿意采用PE涂層。目前市場(chǎng)上90%的套裝木門(mén)使用聚脂漆，少數(shù)廠家采用PU漆。
PE paint (polyester paint) has the advantages of hard film, strong covering power, good transparency, and better performance of wood skin texture. The disadvantages are that it is difficult to polish, and the processing process is time-consuming and laborious. Most manufacturers are unwilling to use PE coating.
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，聚脂漆和PU漆都要經(jīng)過(guò)找色，三底兩面等六道工序，有些品牌增加固化和施蠟工藝。由于成本(硝基漆8 15元/公斤，聚脂漆18 28元/公斤，PU漆43 65元/公斤)、加工手段及設(shè)備的問(wèn)題，目前市場(chǎng)上90%的套裝木門(mén)使用聚脂漆，少數(shù)廠家采用PU漆。
Generally speaking, polyester paint and PU paint have to go through six processes, including color finding, three bottoms and two sides. Some brands have added curing and waxing processes. Due to the cost (nitrocellulose paint 815 yuan/kg, polyester paint 1828 yuan/kg, PU paint 4365 yuan/kg).
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，聚脂漆和PU漆都要經(jīng)過(guò)找色，三底兩面等六道工序，有些品牌增加固化和施蠟工藝。
Generally speaking, polyester paint and PU paint have to go through six processes, including color finding, three bottoms and two sides. Some brands have added curing and waxing processes.
油漆的選擇應(yīng)注意8點(diǎn)
1、物理性能：PU開(kāi)放式漆由于漆膜相對(duì)較薄，所以許多油漆生產(chǎn)廠家和使用廠家并不重視其物理性能，如：沖擊、硬度和柔韌性。柔韌性好的油漆經(jīng)冷熱循環(huán)后漆膜不易開(kāi)裂，即使有輕微的碰撞，油漆也不易破損，相反則容易出現(xiàn)以上問(wèn)題。開(kāi)放式的油漆如要兼顧到柔韌性及抗沖擊性，得選用較好的材料，一些低價(jià)位的油漆廠為了追求低成本會(huì)選用一些較差的材料，其油漆性能自然就達(dá)不到要求。
1. Physical properties: Due to the relatively thin film of PU open paint, many paint manufacturers and users do not pay attention to its physical properties, such as impact, hardness and flexibility. The paint film with good flexibility is not easy to crack after cold and hot cycles. Even if there is a slight collision, the paint is not easy to be damaged.
2、干燥性能：開(kāi)放式產(chǎn)品的工序較多，對(duì)于工廠來(lái)說(shuō)，每道工序之間的時(shí)間越短越好，所以油漆的干燥性能就顯得很重要。對(duì)于油漆廠家來(lái)說(shuō)，提高普通開(kāi)放式油漆的干性并不難，但對(duì)于有耐黃變要求的漆，干性相對(duì)要難，特別是頂級(jí)耐黃變開(kāi)放式漆。
2. Drying performance: open products have many processes. For factories, the shorter the time between each process is, the better. Therefore, the drying performance of paint is very important. It is not difficult for paint manufacturers to improve the dryness of ordinary open paint...
3、耐黃性：對(duì)于透明彩色及黑色的產(chǎn)品可選用普通開(kāi)放式油漆，但對(duì)于淺色、本色及白色產(chǎn)品則要選用耐黃變的產(chǎn)品。對(duì)于要求較高的產(chǎn)品一定要選用頂級(jí)耐黃變漆，頂級(jí)耐黃變產(chǎn)品目前市面上很少有廠家做得好，因?yàn)楦尚耘c耐黃性較難達(dá)到均衡。
3. Yellowing resistance: For transparent color and black products, common open paint can be selected, but for light color, natural color and white products, yellowing resistance products should be selected. For products with higher requirements, top yellowing resistant paint must be selected.
4、清晰度：透明類產(chǎn)品的透明度要高，因歐美風(fēng)格產(chǎn)品特別講究木材紋理的清晰，對(duì)油漆的透明度要求較高。這里說(shuō)的清晰度并不是指底漆是否含粉或含粉料多少，而是指油漆本身原材料的相溶性，相溶性差的產(chǎn)品，其油漆外觀都是透明的，但漆膜干透后，油漆出現(xiàn)發(fā)朦不清晰的現(xiàn)象。
4. Clarity: The transparency of transparent products should be high. Because European and American style products pay special attention to the clarity of wood texture, they have higher requirements for the transparency of paint. The definition here does not refer to whether the primer contains powder or how much powder it contains.
5、滲透性：開(kāi)放式油漆由于要求導(dǎo)管內(nèi)和木門(mén)表面都要有一樣的漆膜，故油漆的滲透性、潤(rùn)濕性就決定了整個(gè)開(kāi)放板面的效果。如果潤(rùn)濕性差，則施工時(shí)導(dǎo)管很難流進(jìn)油漆，導(dǎo)管周圍會(huì)出現(xiàn)油漆堆集，使導(dǎo)管顯得很肥厚，自然無(wú)法得到滿意的開(kāi)放效果。
5. Permeability: open paint requires the same paint film inside the conduit and on the surface of the wooden door, so the permeability and wettability of the paint determine the effect of the entire open panel. If the wettability is poor, it is difficult for the conduit to flow into the paint during construction.
6、施工性：好的開(kāi)放式油漆應(yīng)可按正常普通全封閉的產(chǎn)品噴涂方法進(jìn)行施工，施工人員的噴涂習(xí)慣不需要做調(diào)整，而且如有返工，經(jīng)返工后毛眼也不應(yīng)填死。
6. Constructability: good open paint can be applied according to the normal full-closed product spraying method. The spraying habits of the construction personnel do not need to be adjusted, and if there is rework, the pores after rework should not be filled.
7、格麗斯：格麗斯是開(kāi)放式產(chǎn)品中常用到的輔助產(chǎn)品，它可增加產(chǎn)品木紋的清晰度，調(diào)節(jié)產(chǎn)品的層次感，許多廠家生產(chǎn)的格麗斯屬于NC系列，用于PU開(kāi)放式產(chǎn)品的色，常會(huì)出現(xiàn)漆層脫落、發(fā)霉等現(xiàn)象，因此PU開(kāi)放式應(yīng)選用配套的PU格麗斯產(chǎn)品，但是PU格麗斯技術(shù)含量很高，只有很少的油漆廠家能提供真正的PU格麗斯，木門(mén)廠家選用時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意這一點(diǎn)。
7. Grace: Grace is a commonly used auxiliary product in open products. It can increase the clarity of product grain and adjust the layering of products. Grace produced by many manufacturers belongs to the NC series, which is used for the color of PU open products. There are often phenomena such as paint peeling and mildew.
8、色精：常用的著色劑，雖然較常用，但如果選用的色精不正確，則可能會(huì)有以下問(wèn)題：①是否環(huán)保(重金屬的含量是否超標(biāo));②耐光性能：每個(gè)廠家的色精產(chǎn)品耐光性都不同，同樣的顏色有的耐光性有很大的區(qū)別。有的色精見(jiàn)光極易分解，這就是說(shuō)原來(lái)的顏色會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移慢慢消失，顏色會(huì)越來(lái)越淡。這就是為什么有的產(chǎn)品會(huì)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)板的色差越來(lái)越大的原因，所以色精最好選正規(guī)油漆廠家配套產(chǎn)品。
8. Chromatin: common colorants, although more commonly used, if the selected color essence is incorrect, the following problems may occur: ① whether it is environmentally friendly (whether the content of heavy metals exceeds the standard); ② Light fastness: The light fastness of color essence products from each manufacturer is different, and the light fastness of some of the same colors is very different...
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