簡單句的五種基本句型
句型種類 主語
謂語部分
謂語動詞
表語
賓語
賓補
S+Vi
Pat
arrived
S+Vt+O
She
plays
the piano
S+Vt+C
They
are(系動詞)
heroes.
S+Vt+Ino+Do
I
offered
him dollars
S+Vt+O+Oc
Ann
made
me
cry
句子成分詳解一覽表
句子成分
意義
充當詞類
例句
主語
The Subject
表示句子說的是什么人，或什么事
名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、短語或句子等。
1.We study in No.7 Middle School.
2.Jim is an educated child.
謂語
The predicate
說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣
由動詞或動詞詞組充當
1.I expect you to take me.
2.Lucy is dancing under the tree.
3.Her parents hate telling lies.
賓語
The object
表示動作、行為的對象
同主語的充當詞類
1.Both of the girls like Spanish.
2.Did she call me just now?
表語
The predicative
與系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語、說明主語的性質(zhì)特征
同主語的充當詞類
1.Her mother is a chemist.
2.The two states were at war then.
3.What he said sounds reasonable.
定語
The attribute
用來修飾名詞或代詞
形、代、數(shù)、名、副、介詞短語或相當于形容詞的詞或短語
1.The black sweater is mine.
2.What is his father's name？
3.We have nine lessons every day.
狀語
The adverbial
修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式等
通常由副詞、介詞短語或相當于副詞的詞或短語來表示
1.The miners work very hard.
2.She often helps Mike.
3.They held a party in Hollywood.
賓語補足語
The object complement
賓語的補足語，邏輯上與賓語是“主謂”關(guān)系
一般由形容詞、名詞、介詞短語等充當
1.They named the baby Lily.
2.She always keeps the house clean every day.
專題練習(xí)
一、指出下列句子
劃線部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
句子分類一覽表
分類
說明
例句
按結(jié)構(gòu)分類
簡單句
The simple sentence
由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構(gòu)成的句子。即：一套主謂關(guān)系
1.She goes to work every day.
2.Tom and I found her there.
3.We all breathe, eat and work.
并列句
The compound
sentence
由并列連詞（如：and ,so,but, or等）把兩個或以上的簡單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子
1.I often help her and she helps me ,too.
2.Harry likes eggs,but he doesn't like chicken.
復(fù)合句
The complex sentence
由一個主句和一個或以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子
1.I believe you are right.
2.If he studies harder, he will pass the exam.
按用途分類
陳述句
The declaratives sentence
用來說明一個事實或陳述說話人的看法。
1.They're practising English.
2.Mother doesn't like dogs.
祈使句
The imperative sentence
用來表示請求、命令等。謂語動詞用原形。有肯定、否定兩種形式。
1.Keep quiet,please.
2.Don't read in the sun.
3.Let's be friends.
感嘆句
The exclamatory
sentence
用來表達強烈的感情
1.What a hot day it is!
2.How fast Liu Xiang runs!
一般疑問句
The general qusetion
用yes 和no 來回答的句子，通常把助動詞be ,have 或情態(tài)動詞放在主語前
1.Is she a student？
2.Can you play the piano?
3.Do they like basketball?
特殊疑問句
The special question
用疑問詞開頭的疑問句，不能用yes 和no 回答。
1.Who is on duty today?
2.How did he get the news?
3.Where does he live ?
選擇疑問句
The alternative question
提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對方選擇，兩部分用or連接，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：“一般疑問句+or+要選擇部分？”
1.Is she playing or working?
2.Which would you like ,tea or coffee?
反意疑問句
The disjunctive question
在陳述句后附上一個簡短問句，表示說話者對所敘述的事實雖然有一定的見解，但沒有把握，提出相反的疑問，希望得到對方證實。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：“前肯后否，前否后肯”
1. Work is a bag part of your life ,isn't it ?
2. You don't want to stay here,do you ?
3. Don't be so noisy, will you ?
類別
結(jié)構(gòu)
例句
備注
以What 引導(dǎo)
What +a/an+adj.+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！
1.What a silly question he asked!
2.What an interesting story (it is) !
1.在口語中，后面的主語，謂語可以省略。
2.What 感嘆句的中心詞是名詞，但名詞前可以加形容詞等來修飾。
3.How“adj+a/an+單數(shù)名詞”，但不能接“Adj+復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞”
What +(adj)+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！
1.What lovely girls they are!
2.What beautiful flowers they are !
3.What fools you are!
What +adj.+ 不可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！
1.What fine weather (it is) today!
2.What good advice she gave!
How 引導(dǎo)
How +adv./adj.+主語+謂語！
1.How cool it was yesterday!
2.How hard the students study!
其他形式
有時陳述句、一般疑問句、單詞或短語也可以用作感嘆句
1.She is such a nice girl!
2.Isn't the story interesting!
3.Wonderful!
4.Help !
5.Lovely day,isn't it!
注意
1.感嘆句有時可以用How和What來轉(zhuǎn)換，但這只能適合于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的情況。
2.fun, advice ,information,news,weather等不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，即使其前有形容詞來修飾，也不能加a/an.
感嘆句（Exclamatory sentence）與祈使句（Imperative sentence）
祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)簡表及用法
常見形式
例句
肯定形式
Vi（+副詞）
1.Stop! Sit down! Get away!
2.Come here,everyone!
Vt+賓語
1.stop talking!
2.Give it to your sister!
Be+ adj.
1.Be careful!
2.Be reasonable, Mary. It wasn't my fault.
3.Be sure to turn off the light!
否定形式（Don't/Never +V）
1.Don't take it away!
2.Never put off till tomorrow what can be done today!
Let 結(jié)構(gòu)
1.Let me try!
2.Let him not waste time!
3.Let's be frank with each other!
有主語結(jié)構(gòu)（以示強調(diào)）（You+V）
1.You clean the blackboard!
2.John ,you be quiet!
加強語氣結(jié)構(gòu)（do/does/did+V.）
1.Do come ,please! 2. Do be brave!
2.Tom did tell me the news!
無動詞祈使句
1.Silence! 2.No smoking! 3.No entry!
注意：祈使句與and 或or 等連用，可以表示條件。如：
Work hard,and you'll succeed.
Don't move ,or I'll fire!
反意疑問句（Tag questions）
1.附加問句的肯定與否定
陳述部分
附加疑問部分
例句
hardly, few, little,no, not, never,nobody,nothing,seldom,nowhere等否定詞或半否定詞
肯定式
1.Nobody came here while i was out ,did they ?
2.There's little rice at home ,is there ?
3.Dave can hardly cook,can he ?
no one ,no body, one ,nothing,neither等作賓語
多用肯定式也可用否定形式
1.peter has nothing to say ,does(n't) he ?
2.You got nothing from her,did(n't) you?
含有un-, in-,im-,dis-, --less等否定前、后綴構(gòu)成的派生詞
否定形式
1.That's unfair ,isn't it ?
2.The boy is hopeless,isn't he?
3.She dislikes pets,doesn't she?
2.一些特殊句式的附加疑問句
陳述部分句式
附加問句部分
例句
I am...
aren't I
I'm your friend,aren't I?
I wish...
may I
I wish to have a look,may I?
Let's (表建議，包括說著)
shall we (shan't we)
Let's sing an English song, shall we?
Let us （表允許，不包括說話者）
will you(won't you)
Let us make it by ourselves,will you?
Let me /him/ them
will you
Let me do it again,will you ?
Let him join us,will you?
表示邀請、請求的祈使句
will/ won't you
Come here this evening, will you?
You will speak English,won't you?
否定的祈使句（表示請求）
will/ can't you
Don't make a noise , will/can you?
感嘆句
用一般現(xiàn)在時be 的形式
What fine weather ,isn't it ?
并列句
與鄰近的分句一致
Mary is a nice girl, but she doesn't like English,does she?
主從復(fù)合句
多與主句的主、謂語一致
Jim wouldn't go if it rained, would he?
I don't think/believe/guess...+賓語從句
與從句的主，謂語一致，且用肯定形式
I don't think this story is funny,is it?
I don't believe he knows it, does he?
So..., or..., oh...
前后兩部分一致（前否后也否）
He is Michael Jordan,or is he?
3.附加部分與陳述部分主語不一致的情況
陳述部分主語
附加部分主語
例句
this,that ,anything,something,
nothing,everything，不定式，動名詞（短語），從句
it
1.This /That is your sister,isn't it?
2.Everything seems all right,doesn't it ?
3.Nothing is serious,is it?
4.To learn Japanese isn't easy, is it?
5.What she said was true,wasn't it?
some（none）of...
it /they
1.Some of the boys have left,haven't they?
2.None of the food was delicious,was it?
these/those
they
These /Those are not parrots,are they?
anybody ,someone, everyone,either,nobody,each of...no one,one,neither
he/they
1.Everyone knows this,don't they/doesn't he?
2.Each of boys had an apple,didn't he /they?
3.Nobody saw him,did they?
4.No one called me just now,did they?
復(fù)數(shù)代詞one
one/he
One can't always be young,can one/he?
the +形容詞以及由both ...and , either...or, neither...nor, and, not only...but also..., or 等連接的主語
復(fù)數(shù)代詞
1.The poor had no right to vote then, did they ?
2.Both Rose and Mary left,didn't they ?
3.Neither you or I am wrong, are we?
4.附加問句部分與陳述部分謂語不一致的情況
陳述部分謂語
附加部分謂語
例句
have 不作“有”講
do (does/did)
1.They all had a good time,didn't they?
2.We have to say goodbye,don't we?
need/dare做實義動詞
do
1.he needs a lot of money,doesn't he?
2.I've never dared to ask her,have I?
must (必須)
needn't (不必)
We must finish it today, needn't we?
can't (不可能)表示推測
根據(jù)can't 后的動詞選用相應(yīng)的形式
1.The person can't be an inspector, is he?
2.They can't have finished it now, have they?
must+be 對現(xiàn)在情況進行推測
作一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時處理
1.Ann looks pale. She must be ill,isn't she?
2.The boys must be playing football on the playground now, aren't they?
must+完成時表示對過去情況的推測
作一般過去時的附加疑問句處理
1. The interviewers must have come yesterday,didn't they?
2. He must have been there then, wasn't he?
must+完成時用來推測過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在
按現(xiàn)在完成時的附加疑問句處理
His cousin must have lived here at least ten years,hasn't he ?
used to+ d動詞原形
didn't/usedn't + 主語
He used to live in the town, usedn't/didn't he?
