“頤和園”中英雙語導(dǎo)游詞
景點(diǎn)講解題
題一：頤和園的宮廷區(qū)（歷史沿革；東宮門；仁壽殿；德和園；玉瀾堂；宜蕓館；樂壽堂）
題二：頤和園萬壽山山前景區(qū)（長(zhǎng)廊；中軸線建筑群；山前東側(cè)之紫氣東來城關(guān)；山前西側(cè)之聽鸝館及石舫）
題三：頤和園昆明湖景區(qū)（昆明湖名稱含義；西堤；東堤；湖中諸島）
講解提示
頤和園的講解要注意景點(diǎn)之間的銜接。
第二部模擬講解詞
英文范例
題一：頤和園的宮廷區(qū)
The Summer Palace is located on the northwest outskirts of Beijing. It is the best-preserved and largest imperial garden existing in China. The Summer Palace is formed mainly with Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. The lake occupies three quarters of the whole area. It covers an area of over 290 hectares.
The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden and palace at the beginning of 12th century in the Jin Dynasty, the construction continued to the Yuan and Ming dynasties and the palace was enlarged in the Qing Dynasty, thus, altogether lasting for more than 800 years. In the Jin Dynasty, the Golden Hill Hall was built here. In the Yuan Dynasty, the name of the hill was changed to Jar Hill because it was said that an old man had dug up a jar here. In the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Zhengde built the Wonderful Imperial Garden by the lake. In the Qing Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, large-scale construction of imperial gardens reached its culmination. The whole project was named the Three Hills and Five Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860 the Anglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing and the Three Hills and Five Gardens were burnt down to ashes. In 1888 Empress Dowager Cixi diverted the funds for navy to restore the Garden of Clear Ripples and renamed it as the Summer Palace. In 1900 the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing and occupied the Summer Palace for more than a year. The Summer Palace was plundered by the invaders. They took away everything valuable and destroyed the buildings. Upon Empress Dowager Cixi's return to Beijing, she ordered the garden to be rebuilt immediately. When reconstruction to Beijing, she ordered the garden to be rebuilt immediately. When reconstruction was completed, Empress Dowager Cixi came to live in this imperial garden from April to October every year for the rest of her life. In 1924 the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.
The East Palace Gate is the main entrance to the Summer Palace. The central gate called the Imperial Gateway was for the emperor and the empress. The gates on either side were for princes and high-ranking officials. The plaque above the middle gate bears three big Chinese characters “The Summer Palace” in Emperor Guangxu's handwriting.
Entering the East Palace Gate, we will see the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. It's the second gate in the palace area. Inside the gate, there is 3-meter-high giant rock. The rock serves as a decoration and it was transported from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province, so it is called Taihu Rock. Now we have come to the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi held audience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. In front of the hall stands a bronze mythical animal called Suanni. It is believed that the Suanni was able to distinguish the right from wrong. In the center of the hall there is a platform with a throne on it. The throne was carved with a nine-dragon design, symbolizing dignity of the emperor. There are four incense burners at each corner of the platform with a throne on it. The throne was held, sandalwood incenses were burnt in the incense burners, giving out fragrant smoke. There are two fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacock feathers. In front of the throne there are incense burners of dragon and phoenix shapes and candlesticks of crane shape. The two big mirrors on the left and right of the throne against the wall was for warding off evil spirits. There are two scrolls on the wall, one on each side, with a big Chinese character meaning longevity, in Empress Dowager Cixi's handwriting and the 100 bats in the background of the scroll symbolize happiness.
The Hall of Jade Ripples used to be the place where Qing Emperor Qianlong spent his leisure hours with his ministers. Later it was Emperor Guangxu's pricate living quarters and also the place where he was once under house arrest after 1898.
Walking along the corridor at the two side of the Hall of Jade Ripples, we will see the back word the Hall of Pleasing Rue where the empress Longyu lived.
The Garden of Virtuous Harmony is also called the Great Theatre Building. It was the place where Peking Opera was performed for Empress Dowager Cixi. The building is a three-storey structure, 21 meters high and 17 meters wide on the lowest floor. There are trapdoors above and below the stage for “fairies” to descend from the sky and “devils” to rise up from the underneath. The Make-up Tower is connected with the stage. It was the place for the performers to make up and now it has become an exhibition hall.
To the northwest of the Hall of Pleasing Rue is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was Empress Dowager Cixi's residence. In the courtyard there is a huge rock named “Qing Zhi Xiu”。 It looks like a magic fungus, glossy with a greenish and smooth surface. In front of this hall there are pairs of bronze deer, bronze cranes, bronze cases and big water vats, symbolizing universal peace. In addition, there are many precious trees and flowers planed here, representing riches and honor, or wealth and prestige. The hall consists of four chanbers. The east out chamber was for her breakfast and tea. The east inner chamber was her dressing room. The west inner room was her bedroom and the west outer room was her reading room. A large table in the central hall served as a dinning table for Empress Dowager Cixi. A big porcelain jar on each side was used to contain fruits to produce fragrant smell. There are two embroideries in the central hall. One is of a peacock displaying its full plumage, the other is of a phoenix amony 100 birds. The chandeliers hanging from the ceiling of the hall were presented by the Germans. It was the first electric light in China and electric light has been used since then.
題二：頤和園萬壽山山前景區(qū)
The Front Hill Area（前山景區(qū)）
To the south of the Hall of Dispelling Clouds is the Gate of Dispelling Clouds positioned in the middle of the Long Gallery to divide the gallery's eastern and western sides. On each side of the gate lie bronze lions symbolizing protection, and twelve stone statues of the Chinese zodiac animals --- rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig.
Long Corridor（Changlang 長(zhǎng)廊）
The long corridor actually is a long covered walkway. It starts from the gate of the greeting the moon in the east and ends the marble boat in the west. It is 728 meters long with 273 sections, so it is called long corridor. The long corridor lies in front of the longevity hill with the gate of dispelling clouds in the center. It was first built in 1750 by emperor Qianlong for his mother to enjoy the rainy scenery on Kunming lake and to keep off the sunshine in summer. There are totally 14,000 pictures painted on the beams and crossbeams of the long corridor. These colorful paintings can be divided into 4 kinds: landscapes and scenic spots, beautiful flowers and birds, Chinese architecture and human figures. The beautiful flowers and birds and landscapes were copied from the scenery of West Lake. In 1990,the long corridor was listed in the Guinness world records as the longest painted corridor in the world. Like most of the summer Palace, the Long Corridor was severely damaged by fire which Anglo---French allied forces laid in 1860 during the Second Opium War. It was rebuilt in 1886. As a part of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridor was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List in December, 1998. There are four octagonal pavilions with double eaves, two on each side of the Cloud---Dispelling Gate. The pavilions symbolize the four seasons（spring, summer, autumn, winter）and are named（from east to west）： Liu Jia （留佳 “retaining the goodness”）， Jin Lan （寄瀾；“l(fā)iving with the ripples”）， Qiu Shui（秋水 “autumn water”）， and Qing Yao （清遙 “clear and far”）。
The name of the hall of Dispelling Clounds derivers from a verse by the poet Guo Pu（276-324） in the Jin Dynasty “in such a splendid hall, supernatural beings will emerge.” It is situated on the central axis of Longevity Hill and is the heart of a succession of buildings used for celebrations. Built on the site of Daxiong Hall （Hill of Sakyamuni or Main Shrine Hall）， it was the place to celebrate Empress Dowager Cixi's birthday. On her birthday, October 10 of the Chinese lunar year, with Emperor Guangxu leading the troops, all ranks kowtowed to her as she sat on the “Nine-Dragon Throne” to receive greetings and rare gifts. With red pillars and yellow tiles, the Paiyundian contains 21 rooms. Although the treasures on display inside are fewer than those in the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity, some of the are more valuable.
Although this is the most magnificent architectural complex of the Summer Palace, CIxi used the hall only once a year on her birthday.
Tower of Buddhist Incense（佛香閣）
As the symbolic structure, the Tower of Buddhist Incense tops the high grand towers of both the Summer Palace and the“ three mountains and five gardens” （Longevity Hill, Jade Spring Mountain , and Fragrant Hill; Garden of Clear Ripples, Garden of Everlasting Spring, Garden of Perfection and Brightness, Garden of Tranquility and Brightness, and Garden of Tranquility and Pleasure）。 Set up on the 21-meter-high（68.9-foot-high）base steps of the front slope of Longevity Hill and towering to a high of 41 meters（134.5 feet）， it can be seen from throughout the area. Facing Kunming Lake southward, backing on the Hall of the Sea of Wisdom, it was flanked by symmetrical building. With eight porticos, three levels and four layered eaves, the front part imitates the Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei Province. It is the elite tower among treasured ancient structures.
A nine-level pagoda at the tower's location was planned which Emperor Qianlong（1711-1799） ordered to be dismantled during the construction of the eighth level. After the unfinished pagoda, there stood the Tower of Buddhist Incense instead in 1758. Unfortunately, it was ruined by Anglo-French forces in 1860; then rebuilt during1891-1894, at a cost of 780,000 taels of silver. Inside is a gilded statue of the thousand-handed Kwan-yin. Set off by eight, it glows with sacred beauty. On the first day and fifteenth day of the lunar month, the Empress Dowager Cixi would go there to pray and burn joss sticks. In 1989,the Tower of Buddhist Incense was opened to the public. It is now undergoing reconstruction, the largest such project in modern China, costing 50,000,000 yuan with a planned completion date in 2006.
Standing on the third story, visitors can see forests as well as Kunming Lake reflecting the picturesque landscapes.
Hall of the Sea of Wisdom（智慧海）
Grand Buddha stably sitting in the Hall of the Sea of Wisdom, Summer Palace, Beijing Built on the pinnacle of Longevity Hill, The Hall of the Sea of Wisdom is designed to stand at the upper end of an axis stretching from the Kunming Lake to the summit. When initially built during made entirely of colored glaze bricks, without any timber beams, and was also known as “No Beam Hall”。 Owing to its timber-free frame, it survived the fire set by the Anglo-French allied force in 1860. However, the holy statue of Amitayus Buddha, as well as 1008 smaller engraved Buddhas surrounding it, was destroyed.
It is a holy building, with its name,“ the Sea of Wisdom” which comes from the sutra, symbolizing the mighty force and the infinite wisdom of Tathagada Buddha. A visitor who connects the three characters on the architraves of the hall and the glazed memorial archway will find that form the Buddhist's chant.
Purple Cloud Gate Tower（紫氣東來）
This two-story tower structure, on the east slope of the Longevity Hill, was built during Emperor Qianlong's reign（1736-1795）。 The inscriptions on both sides of the tower were written by Emperor Qianlong.
The inscription on the north gate-tower “Chichengxiaqi” means “the rosy clouds rising in Chicheng Mountain.” Chicheng is the name of a place in Zhejiang province. This phrase describe the gate-tower shining from the morning sunshine.
The four Chinese characters on the south gate-tower, “Ziqidonglai” means “the purple clouds come from the east.” This phase comes from a story about an ancient Chinese philosopher named Laozi, who was trying to get through a major military pass named Hangu Pass. It was said that Ling Yin, a military official in this pass, saw a wisp of purple clouds coming gently from the east. He knew that this good omen meant that a saint was coming. Than he took a bath and put on his new clothes, getting everything ready to welcome the saint. The next day he really saw LaoZi riding slowly to the pass on a black ox. Later, a famous post Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty wrote this story in his poem.
The Hall for Listening to Orioles（聽鸝館）
The Hall for Listening to Oriole used to be a Two-story stage built by Emperor Qianlong for his mother Emperor Dowager Niugulushi to enjoy Peking opera and performances. The stage was later used by Empress Dowager Cixi.
Oriole is a kind of bird, and it has very sweet voice and pleasing sound; ergo, the stage is named “Hall for Listening to Oriole.” After the Garden of Virtuous Harmony was complete, the hall became a residence for imperial concubines. Now it is a very nice restaurant for both Chinese and foreign tourists.
題三：頤和園昆明湖景區(qū)
Kunming Lake covers an area of 220 hectares; three quarters of the while Summer Palace. The name of the lake came from “Kunming Pool” in Chang'an, made by Emperor Wu Di in the Han Dynasty （206BC-220AD）for training his solders. Qing Emperor Qianlong just followed the example of Han Wu Di and gave the name Kunming Lake.
Western Bank（西堤）
Lying west of the Kunming Lake, the Western Bank was built to imitate the Su Bank in Hangzhou, Zheijang Province, and visitors strolling along the bank often feel as though they are beside the West Lake in Southern China. The bank has been created to adorn the lake it surrounds, making it even more lovely and enchanting. Its most distinctive features are its six bridges, which, ranging from north to south, are: Jiehu Bridge（Lake-Bound Bridge）， Binfeng Bridge, Jade-Belt Bridge, Jing Bridge（Mirror Bridge）， Lian Bridge（White-Silk Bridge）and Liu Bridge （Willow Bridge）。 Its picturesque setting, at once tranquil and elegant, made it a popular retreat for such historical figures as Emperor Qianlong（1711-1799）and Empress Dowager Cixi.
As the entry point to Kunming Lake, Jiehu Bridge forms the boundary between the Front and Back Lakes. It is a cross-shaped stone bridge with three arches. With its square kiosk, Binfeng Bridge has been built in the style of bridges in the countries of Southern China. Jade -Belt Bridge, the most renowned and beautiful of the bridges, is made of white and black marble. Its fluid contour lines are woven graciously together, hence its name-seen from afar, it resembles a jade belt. Its high arches enabled the Emperor Qianlong to pass under it in a dragon boat. Jing Bridge（Mirror Bridge） gets its name from the artistic vision of poet Li Bai（701-762）-two clear rivers like mirrors, two crossing bridges like double rainbow's. Lian Bridge takes its name from the line “l(fā)imped and serene, the river seems to be white silk” and the Willow Bridge from the line “beneath the sunshine, willow's feather flying beside the bridge”。
Then East Bank（東堤）
The main scenic sports in the East Bank are: the 17-Arch Bridge, the spacious Paclion, the Bronze Ox, the Heralding Spring Pavilion, the Yelu Chucai Temple, the Wen Chang Belvedere, the Hall of Jade Ripple, the Lodge of Propriety of weeding , etc.
Seventeen-Arch Bridge（十七孔橋）
Connecting the eastern shore of Kunming Lake in the east and Nanhu Island in the west, the Seventeen-Arch Bridge was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong（1711-1799）； with a length of 150 meters（164 yards） and a width of 8 meters （8.75 yards）。 It is the longest bridge in the Summer Palace. The unique scenery is but one of the stunning landscapes in the Summer Palace. With the styles of Lugou Bridge in Beijing and Baodai Bridge in Suzhou, Zhejiang Province, Seventeen Arch Bridge looks like a rainbow arching over the water. On the column of the parapets are 544 distinctive carved white marble lions. On each end of the bridge is a carved bizarre beast. With the biggest arch in the midst of the bridge flanked by eight others, visitors can count nine arches on either side. According to ancient thought, the number nine symbolizes good fortune and safety; and the meticulous design of the bridge embodies it perfectly.
Bronze Ox（銅牛）
A bronze ox set on bluestone wave-lined pedestal overlooks the east shore of Kunming Lake. The ox, cast in the image of a live creature back in 1755, is said to possess flood control powers. Da Yu, the legendary master in floods prevention, would commit an iron ox into the water on completion of every of his projects. It has become customary since Tang Dynasty（618-907）to line the edge of waterways with oxen. Hence this bronze ox was upon the bank, too. This Bronze Ox, sitting besides the water and overlooking the harmonious and enchanting lake scenery, was rather imposing. The Emperor Qinglong（1711-1799）had personally dedicated this particular bronze ox. On the back of the ox is an 80-character-posy in seal character-“Golden Ox Inscription” by him.
Nanhu Island（南湖島）
Nanhu Island lies southeast of Kunming Lake opposite Longevity Hill. With an area of about 1 hectare（2.47 acres）， it is the largest island in the Summer Palace. When Emperor Qianlong（1711-1799） enlarged Kunming Lake, he ordered workers to save the temples and building but to excavate the earth; thus creating Nanhu Island. On the island are Hanxu（Modesty） Hall, Wangyan（Looking---at-the-Eaves） Pavilion, Dragon King Temple, and other structures. Hanxu Hall is the major construction on the island; Wangyan Pavilion was the site from which to inspect navy drills; and the Dragon King Temple, which changed its name to “Guangrun Lingyu Temple”（Widely-Moistening Fancy-Rain Temple）， was employed to pray for rain. The is banked with carved stone-stripes and surrounded by blus and white stones. Visitors can reach the island through the Seventeen-Arch Bridge.
中文范例
題一：頤和園的宮廷區(qū)
來自XX得各位團(tuán)友好！
我是XX旅行社的導(dǎo)游員，我叫XX，今天就由我來帶領(lǐng)大家共同游覽這個(gè)清代的皇家園林--頤和園，也希望我的講解能夠令各位滿意。我們現(xiàn)在即將前往的就是頤和園，利用這一段時(shí)間，我向大家簡(jiǎn)短地介紹一下頤和園的歷史以及現(xiàn)狀。
頤和園位于北京市的西北郊，距市區(qū)約10公里，是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大的皇家園林，原名為清漪園，始建于清乾隆十四年（1790），占地面積290公頃，其中陸地面積占1/4，水域面積占3/4.頤和園是我國(guó)皇家園林的典范，按其功能可分為宮廷區(qū)和園林區(qū)，宮廷區(qū)又分為整治活動(dòng)區(qū)和帝后生活區(qū)，園林區(qū)主要由萬壽山景區(qū)和昆明湖景區(qū)組成。頤和園在1998年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。
頤和園的山和水最初沒有名稱，遼金時(shí)期在這一帶曾建有金山行宮，作為一處帝王游獵的天然苑囿，于是這里的山被稱為“金山”，水域被稱為“金海”。元代改山為“翁山”，水域?yàn)椤拔躺讲础?，后來又獲得了“西湖”的美稱。明代時(shí)這一組山水被稱為好山園，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了“十里青山行畫里、雙飛白鳥似江南”的美景。清代時(shí)該園發(fā)展的全盛時(shí)期。乾隆皇帝為了給其母慶賀六十大壽，從乾隆十四年（1749年）冬天開始疏浚西湖。乾隆皇帝吧西湖挖成壽桃形，寓意向其母獻(xiàn)壽，改名為“昆明湖”，又把翁山改名為“萬壽山”，正名之后開始大國(guó)米興建清漪園。
凡是有興必有衰，清漪園在歷史上經(jīng)理了兩次大規(guī)模的劫難。第一次是在1860年的第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，英法煉金攻入北京，將清漪園、圓明園在內(nèi)的“三山五園”燒成一片焦土。光緒年間的1885年，慈禧太后以光緒皇帝的名義下了一道意旨要重修清漪園，挪用海軍軍費(fèi)800萬兩重修了清漪園山后和湖區(qū)的主要建筑，改名為頤和園，取“頤養(yǎng)沖和”之意。重建之后，慈禧太后每年都要去頤和園住上一段日子。但好景不長(zhǎng)，1900年八國(guó)聯(lián)軍再次攻入北京后，慈禧太后倉(cāng)皇出逃，頤和園又一次被付之一炬。1902年慈禧太后返回北京后，于1903年再次重建頤和園，由于財(cái)力有限，只恢復(fù)了萬壽山前的景觀。解放后，人民政府多次對(duì)園林進(jìn)行修繕、保護(hù)，頤和園又恢復(fù)了往日的風(fēng)采。1998年聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織將其列入了《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。
今天我將帶領(lǐng)大家從東宮門進(jìn)頤和園參觀。我們面前的這座門就是東宮門，1888年重修時(shí)增設(shè)。東宮門是頤和園的正門，匾額上的三個(gè)字“頤和園”是光緒皇帝的御筆?！邦U和”指頤養(yǎng)精神，心平氣和的意思，寓意頤和園是慈禧太后養(yǎng)老的地方。東宮門面闊5間，中間設(shè)3門，在兩側(cè)還有兩個(gè)旁門，平時(shí)正門不開，大臣進(jìn)園由太監(jiān)引領(lǐng)走兩側(cè)的旁門。只有帝后出入園時(shí)，才將五座門全部打開。東宮門外南北兩側(cè)的廊房原來是大臣們等候上朝或等候召見時(shí)休息的朝房?？勘眰?cè)的現(xiàn)在是售票處，靠南側(cè)的現(xiàn)在是商品部。門外臺(tái)階正中鑲嵌著一塊雕刻精美的云龍石，為乾隆年間的石雕，是20世紀(jì)30年年代從圓明園安佑宮廢墟上移來的。門前的這對(duì)銅獅是清漪園時(shí)期的遺物。
好，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入東宮門。大家可以看到，東宮門內(nèi)南北兩側(cè)也是朝房，這些是當(dāng)時(shí)軍機(jī)處、六部、九卿等恭奉圣旨和處理日常文件的值房。迎面是仁壽門。門前這兩塊造型奇特的太湖石，人稱“豬猴石”，據(jù)說是孫悟空和豬八戒被派到這里來為皇家看家護(hù)院。走進(jìn)仁壽門，看到的并不是仁壽殿，迎面是一塊高大的太湖石，從后面看上去，這塊石頭沒什么特別的。當(dāng)你從正面看時(shí)，你便會(huì)拍手叫絕，這塊太湖石就像是一個(gè)老壽星，面向仁壽殿，在給慈禧太后祝壽呢，因此這塊石頭又叫做“壽星石”?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)各位再看看院內(nèi)四周，這里還有四塊太湖石，為什么要在這里放些奇形怪狀的太湖石呢？原來啊，這四季石與老壽星被稱為“峰虛五老”，象征長(zhǎng)壽之意。
再來看庭院中央的這只銅鑄的麒麟，人稱“四不像”，長(zhǎng)著鹿角、龍頭、獅尾，牛蹄。別看它長(zhǎng)相怪異，據(jù)說它有辟邪和分辨善惡的本領(lǐng)，同時(shí)它又是一種仁義之獸。既然是“仁獸”，放置在“仁壽”殿前，算是找對(duì)了地方！您也許會(huì)問，剛才你說“真是找對(duì)了地方”，莫非這“四不像”原來不在此處？的確如此。這“四不象”原有一對(duì)，是乾隆年間鑄造的，原來放在圓明園，1860年英法聯(lián)軍火燒圓明園時(shí)，另一只被侵略軍掠走，只剩下我們眼前的這一只，前腿也有被毀的痕跡，令人惋惜。
此外，大家可以看到，在仁壽殿前還陳列著銅質(zhì)的龍、鳳香爐和太平缸等。有團(tuán)友可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這里龍鳳的位置與其他地方的陳設(shè)位置不一樣。在古代帝王的宮殿、園林內(nèi)的龍鳳等吉祥物，其陳列方式應(yīng)該是龍?jiān)谏?，鳳在下；龍?jiān)趦?nèi)，鳳在外，而在這里卻是“鳳在中央、龍陪兩旁”的格局。是誰如此大膽，竟敢如此擺設(shè)？我想大家也不難猜出來，就是我一直在提高的慈禧太后。
好，現(xiàn)在讓我們仔細(xì)來看看眼前的這座大殿，這就是仁壽殿，“仁壽”二字出自孔子《論語*雍也》篇中“之樂者，仁壽者”，意為心懷仁德與施行仁政者能長(zhǎng)壽。仁壽殿是帝后夏天來避暑時(shí)臨時(shí)處理政事的地方。這一區(qū)域就是我們?cè)谇懊嫠f的頤和園內(nèi)三大區(qū)域之一的政治活動(dòng)區(qū)。仁壽殿內(nèi)設(shè)九龍寶座，后有一玻璃屏風(fēng)，框架為紫檀木，頂部雕有九條龍，屏心為玻璃鏡，鏡面上雕刻有226個(gè)不同寫法的“壽”字，這是為慈禧太后定制的壽禮。寶座兩側(cè)，各有一幅“百蝠捧壽圖”的緙絲工藝品，“壽”字些在蝙蝠和彩云中，為慈禧太后所書；“蝠”與“福”同音，寓意多福多壽，真可謂用心良苦啊。那有團(tuán)友可能要問了，慈禧太后如此渴求長(zhǎng)壽，她到底是否長(zhǎng)命百歲了呢？熟悉這段歷史的朋友可能知道，慈禧太后一直活到了73歲。中國(guó)有句古話叫“人活七十古來稀”，現(xiàn)在活到七十不足為怪，但在當(dāng)時(shí)活七十多歲不能不說是位長(zhǎng)壽之人。那是不是真的是這些“?！弊帧皦邸弊直Ｓ恿死戏馉斈兀慨?dāng)然不是，慈禧太后之所能長(zhǎng)壽，與她的飲食起居有規(guī)律及日常保養(yǎng)是分不開的。人是吃五谷雜糧的，自然誰也免不了會(huì)生病。不過，慈禧太后不怕生病，因?yàn)樗醒幽昃?。?jù)說，喝延年井的水便是老佛爺長(zhǎng)壽的秘訣之一。那么大家想不想到延年井去沾粘仙氣呢？各位隨我來。
各位，這就是延年井，位于仁壽殿北側(cè)。這口井開鑿于1903年。據(jù)說這一年慈禧中了署，久治不愈。一天睡午覺時(shí)夢(mèng)到了一口井，便派人來挖，果然挖出一口井。慈禧太后名人取水喝了一碗，水味甘甜，喝下去之后暑氣頓消。慈禧太后非常高興，便封其為“延年井”。此后這井水便成為帝后茶膳的專用水源。據(jù)說1900年八國(guó)聯(lián)軍打進(jìn)北京，慈禧太后從紫禁城倉(cāng)皇出逃時(shí)，金銀珠寶絲毫未取，只是特意來喝了一碗延年井水，然后才帶上光緒皇帝匆匆西行。到了清代，曾在這口井上安裝一家汲水機(jī)，外面蓋有意見紅漆木板小屋，后來廢棄不用。1984年此井被修復(fù)。我們現(xiàn)在看到的“延年井”這三個(gè)字是有當(dāng)代著名書法家王遐舉題寫的。
現(xiàn)在我們所在的位置時(shí)仁壽殿后的德和園。這是當(dāng)年專供慈禧太后在園內(nèi)看戲的場(chǎng)所。耗資70萬兩白銀，耗時(shí)3年建成。它主要是由扮戲樓、大戲樓以及慈禧看戲的頤樂殿三部分組成。其中的大戲樓高21米，低臺(tái)寬17米，上下分為三層，自上而下分別稱為福臺(tái)、祿臺(tái)、壽臺(tái)。三層之間設(shè)有天井連接，壽臺(tái)地板下設(shè)有地井，戲臺(tái)各層地板均可開啟，開啟時(shí)天井和地井溝通，頂部有絞車牽引，可使神仙鬼怪在舞臺(tái)中上天入地，變化無窮。壽臺(tái)地板下還有一口深水井、四眼干土井，這些井不僅能起到聲音共鳴的作用，而且水井中的水可用于表演水景戲?，F(xiàn)在扮戲樓已經(jīng)開辟為展室，展示戲裝及慈禧生前想用過的汽車、鋼琴等。在大戲樓道北側(cè)是頤樂殿，殿內(nèi)正中的寶座時(shí)慈禧太后看戲時(shí)的座位。嬪妃和公主們看戲時(shí)在東、西次間臨窗的炕上或站在慈禧太后兩側(cè)。而大戲樓兩側(cè)的看戲廊則是被賞看戲的王公大臣及命婦們坐的地方。德和園大戲樓，是清代三大戲樓中之一，比其他兩座即故宮的“暢音閣”、承德避暑山莊的“清音閣”的戲樓都要高大，是我國(guó)目前保存最完整、建筑規(guī)模最大的古戲樓。
好了，講完了政治活動(dòng)區(qū)，現(xiàn)在我們要去帝后生活區(qū)參觀一下，首先我們?nèi)タ匆豢垂饩w皇帝在園中居住的地方--玉瀾堂，請(qǐng)大家跟我來。
我們現(xiàn)在就到了帝后生活區(qū)部分。這個(gè)區(qū)域包括玉瀾堂、宜蕓館，是一個(gè)三進(jìn)院落的四合院。首先，我們可以看到在玉瀾門前有兩塊左右而立的石頭，叫“母子石”，分別代表慈禧太后和光緒皇帝。在這里設(shè)置這么兩塊石頭還有一段故事呢。1894年中日甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)，慈禧太后實(shí)行不抵抗政策，導(dǎo)致清王朝的北洋水師全軍覆沒，清朝大敗，割地賠款。這使國(guó)內(nèi)一些有識(shí)之士非常激憤，以康有為、梁?jiǎn)⒊白T嗣同為代表的改良派上書給光緒皇帝提出變法，得到了年輕的光緒皇帝的支持。這既是赫赫有名的“戊戌變法”。但以慈禧太后為首的保守派頑固反對(duì)，暗中陰謀策劃廢黜光緒皇帝，變法最終失敗。光緒皇帝從此失去了人身自由，被囚禁在玉瀾堂。慈禧太后為了發(fā)泄對(duì)光緒皇帝的不滿，命人從香山移過來兩塊太湖石，寓意石頭上有母子之情，你光緒皇帝卻要造我的反，連頑石也不如啊。
好，通過玉瀾門我們迎面看到的就是玉瀾堂。“玉瀾”出自晉代詩(shī)人陸機(jī)的“玉泉涌徽瀾”的詩(shī)句。玉瀾堂是光緒皇帝來頤和園是居住和處理人場(chǎng)政務(wù)的地方。兩側(cè)有配殿，東為霞芬室，西為藕香榭。這兩個(gè)房間均為穿堂結(jié)構(gòu)。每天光緒皇帝在霞芬室等候上朝，仁壽殿里一切準(zhǔn)備就緒后，便穿堂直接走到仁壽殿。去向慈禧太后請(qǐng)按時(shí)，則從藕香榭穿過“水木自親”到樂壽堂行禮問安。戊戌變法失敗以后，慈禧太后命人在玉瀾堂院落的前后左右都砌了墻，將玉瀾堂完全地封閉起來，光緒皇帝被囚禁于此長(zhǎng)達(dá)10年之久，于1908年含恨而死。如今磚墻大都拆除，但霞芬室與藕香榭?jī)?nèi)仍存，供游客參觀。
玉瀾堂內(nèi)的陳設(shè)均按當(dāng)年原狀展出，正殿中有皇帝寶座、御案、圍屏及龍床等，請(qǐng)各位參觀5分鐘。
各位，走過玉瀾堂我們就進(jìn)入了另一進(jìn)院落叫宜蕓館。這個(gè)地方在清漪園時(shí)期是乾隆皇帝藏書和讀書的地方?！笆|”是一種香草，古人常用于書房?jī)?nèi)驅(qū)蟲防蛀?！耙耸|”就是適宜藏書的意思。慈禧太后重建頤和園后，正殿改為光緒皇帝的皇后隆裕的寢宮，西配殿是光緒皇帝的寵妃珍妃的住所。光緒皇帝被囚禁后，隆裕皇后和珍妃被分別遷往頤和園西石丈亭北的西四所的第一所、第二所居住。請(qǐng)各位在此參觀5分鐘，我們的下一站便是慈禧老佛爺在頤和園中的住處--樂壽堂。
出宜蕓館往西，我們就來到了樂壽堂。“樂壽”二字取自《論語*雍也》篇中“知者樂，仁者壽”，“樂壽堂”，意為這里是智者仁者所居住之堂。樂壽堂是慈禧太后在頤和園居住的地方。樂壽堂內(nèi)的陳設(shè)保持原狀。正廳是慈禧日常起居活動(dòng)之地，堂內(nèi)有寶座、御案、掌扇等，除此之外還有青花大瓷盤，瓷盤是裝水果用的，但不是為吃，而是專為聞香味而設(shè)。還有“百鳥朝鳳”和“孔雀開屏”兩架屏風(fēng)，繡有100多種形態(tài)各異、形象逼真的禽鳥。在樂壽堂內(nèi)，我們還可以看到1903年從德國(guó)引進(jìn)的電燈。還有慈禧太后一邊吃點(diǎn)心、喝茶，一遍觀賞金魚的魚桌。魚桌用金星紫檀木做框架，鑲以玻璃桌面，桌內(nèi)不僅有象牙、雞翅木雕鏤的山水人物、亭臺(tái)樓閣，而且因制作嚴(yán)密，還能放水飼養(yǎng)金魚。
在殿外，我們可以看到銅鹿、銅鶴、銅瓶各一對(duì)，取意“六和太平”，即天下太平的意思。庭院內(nèi)種植有玉蘭、海棠和牡丹，玉蘭花的“玉”，海棠花的“棠”諧音“玉堂”，牡丹花象征富貴，即為玉堂富貴。
在樂壽堂的正前方，大家可以看到有一塊巨石，這塊巨石有孔、有形，似靈芝，所以名為青芝岫。同時(shí)它還有一個(gè)不吉利的名字叫“敗家石”，這又是怎么回事呢？這話得從明朝說起了。
明萬歷年間又一位愛石成癖的官員叫米萬鐘，有一天，他在房山大石窩發(fā)現(xiàn)了這塊巨石，非常喜歡，據(jù)頂將它放置在自己的私宅勺園。于是雇用了100多人工，用40匹馬拉車，7天時(shí)間才出山，又走了5天才到良鄉(xiāng)。后因種種原因，拖言力竭財(cái)盡，不得已把這塊石頭棄置在路邊，故有“敗家石”之稱。一百多年后，乾隆皇帝去河北易縣清西陵掃墓時(shí)，路過良鄉(xiāng)看到此石，命人運(yùn)回樂壽堂做影壁。因?yàn)檫@塊石頭性似靈芝，色青而潤(rùn)，乾隆皇帝賜名“青芝岫”。
大家請(qǐng)看，在樂壽堂院落的前院門的水木自親殿外的碼頭上有一根高高的燈桿，稱“探海深桿”，當(dāng)年吊掛一盞大燈籠，是慈禧太后駐園時(shí)的信號(hào)。
在樂壽堂的東側(cè)，還有總管太監(jiān)李蓮英居住的永壽齋，此院落現(xiàn)舉辦中國(guó)太監(jiān)制度展覽。
好，頤和園宮廷區(qū)的介紹就是這里，我們?cè)谶@里休息10分鐘，大家可以拍一些照片。10分鐘后我們?cè)谶@里集合，前往下一景區(qū)--萬壽山山前景區(qū)。
題二：頤和園萬壽山山前景區(qū)
各位團(tuán)友大家好！現(xiàn)在我?guī)ьI(lǐng)大家從萬壽山的東麓開始，一起游覽頤和園的美景。在這里我們可以看到一座城關(guān)，南面題額上市“紫氣東來”。紫氣東來是出自老子過函谷關(guān)的典故，典故是說，函谷關(guān)的令尹（官名）看到東方紫氣映空，知道將有圣人從此經(jīng)過，便沐浴更衣準(zhǔn)備迎接，第二天，果然看見老子騎著青牛緩緩而來。杜甫后來又“紫氣東來滿函關(guān)”的詩(shī)句，以詠其事。乾隆皇帝用此故事作為關(guān)名既取祥瑞之意，又點(diǎn)明城關(guān)的地理位置。城關(guān)北面的的題額為“赤誠(chéng)霞起”，“赤誠(chéng)”為地名，位于浙江臺(tái)州天臺(tái)縣北?！跋计稹笔侵柑炫_(tái)山一帶石壁呈紅色，狀似紅霞。在清漪園時(shí)期，城關(guān)北面的山坡上也裸露著一片赭紅色的山石，每當(dāng)旭日東升，陽光灑落在這些山石以及城關(guān)上，其景色幽“赤誠(chéng)霞起”的韻味。
過城關(guān)，我們繼續(xù)往西走，現(xiàn)在我們來到了風(fēng)景游覽區(qū)最漂亮、最好的一個(gè)景致--長(zhǎng)廊。頤和園長(zhǎng)廊是世界上最長(zhǎng)的畫廊，也是世界上最長(zhǎng)的一條游廊，建成于公元1750年，位于昆明湖和萬壽山之間。長(zhǎng)廊不僅連接了山水，而且為全園曾添了神趣，可謂是巧奪天工之作。長(zhǎng)廊東起邀月門，西至石丈亭，全長(zhǎng)728米，分為273間。長(zhǎng)廊的檁、梁上都畫有蘇式彩繪，共1.4萬余幅，彩繪題材大致分為三類：山水、花鳥、人物。其中有關(guān)西湖風(fēng)光的546幅，是乾隆十五年建造長(zhǎng)廊時(shí)，命人到杭州臨摹回來畫上的。人物畫多彩用了我國(guó)古典文學(xué)名著，如《西游記》、《三國(guó)演義》、《紅樓夢(mèng)》等，所涉及的內(nèi)容時(shí)間跨度非常大，從三皇五帝到清朝，上下五千年，可以說是我國(guó)文化史的一個(gè)縮影。1990年，長(zhǎng)廊被《吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄大全》評(píng)為全球畫廊之冠。此外，在長(zhǎng)廊中間還有四座象征四季的留佳亭、寄瀾亭、秋水亭和清遙亭。如果您置身廊內(nèi)，漫步其間，定會(huì)油然產(chǎn)生一種“人在廊中走，神在畫中游”的感覺。
現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)走了長(zhǎng)廊的一半，這里是長(zhǎng)廊左右兩部分的分界線，從排云門前的牌樓網(wǎng)上的建筑分別是排云門、排云殿、佛香閣和智慧海，這是萬壽山前的一組中軸建筑。
我先為大家介紹一下排云門，排云門原址是清漪園時(shí)期大報(bào)恩延壽寺的山門，重建頤和園后，改建為排云門。排云門前有一座牌樓，北面題額為“云輝玉宇”，南面題額為“星拱瑤樞”。排云門外東西兩側(cè)對(duì)稱安放著十二塊形態(tài)各異的太湖石，像是兩排衙役守衛(wèi)在門前，所以叫“排衙石”，由于他們的形態(tài)神似十二生肖，因此這十二塊石頭還有一個(gè)名字叫“十二生肖石”。大家有興趣可以找找看，哪一塊是自己的生肖石。
接著為大家介紹一下排云殿?！芭旁啤倍殖鲎詴x代郭璞《游仙》一詩(shī)中的詩(shī)句“神仙排云出，但見金銀臺(tái)”，寓意此處是神仙所居住的地方。這里最早是明代圓鏡寺，后來被毀。1750年，清朝乾隆皇帝為其母孝圣皇太后鈕祜祿氏慶祝六十大壽，在圓靜寺的基址上建造了大報(bào)恩延壽寺中的大雄寶殿，1860年大雄寶殿被英法聯(lián)軍焚毀?，F(xiàn)在各位看到的排云殿是清光緒年間，即公元1887年重建頤和園后改建的，是慈禧太后在慶壽典禮上接受朝拜的地方。慈禧太后把自己比成排云而出的神仙，希望自己能夠長(zhǎng)生不老。
在排云殿之上，是頤和園全園的中心建筑--佛香閣。佛香閣建于乾隆二十三年（1758），光緒十七年（1891）重建，耗銀78萬兩，是重修該園花費(fèi)最大的工程項(xiàng)目之一。佛香閣是仿照杭州的六和塔建造的，為罷免三層四重檐攢尖頂，高約36米，下面的石砌臺(tái)基高近21米，內(nèi)部由8根通頂鐵梨木大柱支撐。佛香閣里面原供奉一尊木雕的大悲菩薩，后毀于英法聯(lián)軍之手。現(xiàn)在里面是一尊銅制的千手觀音，二層供奉的是乾隆時(shí)期的三世佛。
大家請(qǐng)看，在佛香閣后面的這座建筑也是全園最高的建筑，叫智慧海，是一座宗教建筑。智慧海的意思是歌頌如來佛的智慧如海，佛法無邊。智慧海建于乾隆年間，是一座外形為仿木結(jié)構(gòu)，其實(shí)全部采用琉璃磚瓦和石料建成的兩層“無梁殿”，也是北京三大無梁殿之一。智慧海的南側(cè)是眾香界琉璃牌坊，正面題額為“眾香界”，“眾香”是佛國(guó)名。北面題額為“祇樹林”，指祇園精舍，是古印度最早的兩座佛教寺院之一。
這些就是山上的情況，接下來我們繼續(xù)沿長(zhǎng)廊往西走，繼續(xù)欣賞昆明湖和長(zhǎng)廊的景致。
各位朋友，現(xiàn)在我們來到了長(zhǎng)廊的西端，石丈亭。在我們眼前的湖水中這個(gè)像船一樣的建筑叫石舫，又叫清晏舫，取河清海晏之意。它全長(zhǎng)36米，是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最大的古代石舫。早在修建清漪園之初就修建了這座石舫，原來是單層中式艙樓，后1860年被英法聯(lián)軍焚毀。1893年光緒年間重修之后，在船體上修建了雙層西式艙樓，改名為“清晏舫”，成為今天這個(gè)樣子?？赡苡信笥岩獑柫?，修建這么一個(gè)石舫有什么特別的寓意嗎？大家應(yīng)該都聽說過“水可載舟，亦可覆舟”這句古語吧，說的是統(tǒng)治者和老百姓之間的關(guān)系。統(tǒng)治者好比是船，老百姓則是水，如果統(tǒng)治者實(shí)行仁政，百姓則會(huì)擁戴他；如果統(tǒng)治者殘暴，百姓則會(huì)起義，推翻統(tǒng)治者。建這個(gè)石舫就是取“江山永固”、天下太平之意。
在長(zhǎng)廊的西側(cè)，萬壽山前西部山腳下，是聽鸝館。館內(nèi)設(shè)小戲臺(tái)，是乾隆皇帝專為其母看戲建造的，“聽鸝”是形容優(yōu)美的戲曲和音樂。光緒年間在原址重建，作為慈禧駐園期間看戲的場(chǎng)所。1894年德和園落成以后，聽鸝館小戲臺(tái)因規(guī)模和音響效果等方面無法與德和園大戲樓相比，便閑置不用了。1949年以后，重新裝飾后的聽鸝館辟為餐廳，先后接待過許多國(guó)內(nèi)外的名人政要。
好了！頤和園萬壽山山前景區(qū)重點(diǎn)景物的介紹到此結(jié)束，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)各位在大石舫前留個(gè)影，謝謝大家一路的配合！
題三：頤和園昆明湖景區(qū)
各位團(tuán)友大家好！
我是XX旅行社的導(dǎo)游員XX，今天就由我來帶領(lǐng)大家頤和園昆明湖景區(qū)，希望我的講解能夠令各位滿意。首先我向大家簡(jiǎn)短地介紹一下頤和園。
頤和園位于北京市的西北郊，距市區(qū)約10公里，是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大的皇家園林。原名為清漪園，始建于清乾隆十四年（1790），占地面積290公頃，其中陸地面積占1/4，水域面頰占3/4.頤和園是我國(guó)皇家園林的典范，按其功能可分為宮廷區(qū)和園林區(qū)，宮廷區(qū)又分為政治活動(dòng)區(qū)和帝后生活區(qū)，園林區(qū)主要由萬壽山景區(qū)和昆明湖景區(qū)組成。頤和園在1998年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。
頤和園的山河水最初沒有名稱，遼金時(shí)期在這一帶曾建有金山行宮，作為一處帝王游獵的天然苑囿，于是這里的山被稱為“金山”，水域被稱為“金海”。元代改山為“翁山”，水域?yàn)椤拔躺讲础?，后來又獲得了“西湖”的美稱。明代時(shí)這一組山水被稱為好山園，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了“十里青山行畫里、雙飛白鳥似江南”的美景。清代是該園發(fā)展的全盛時(shí)期，乾隆皇帝為了給其母慶賀六十大壽，從乾隆十四年（1749年）冬天開始疏浚西湖，乾隆皇帝吧西湖挖成壽桃形，寓意向其母獻(xiàn)壽，改名為“昆明湖”，又把翁山改名為“萬壽山”，正名之后開始大規(guī)模興建清漪園。
剛才我提到，頤和園占地面積290公頃，其中水域面積就是我們眼前的昆明湖，約220公頃，為全園總面積的3/4.“昆明湖”名稱源自漢武帝在長(zhǎng)安城開鑿昆明池操練水軍的典故。漢武帝曾派使團(tuán)前往身毒，即今天的印度一帶，但使團(tuán)在昆明國(guó)的滇池被阻，于是漢武帝決定興兵討伐。為了能一舉政府昆明國(guó)，便在京城長(zhǎng)安西南挖掘了巨大的昆明池，以象征滇池，練習(xí)水戰(zhàn)。到了清朝乾隆皇帝時(shí)期，乾隆皇帝借用這個(gè)典故，將西湖改名為昆明湖，并也曾在昆明湖中操練水師，以標(biāo)榜自己如同漢武帝一樣，是治理國(guó)家的明君、開疆拓土的英主。
好，下面就讓我們乘船游覽一下頤和園的湖光山色吧。
頤和園的水域以西提及一天短堤為界，分割為三個(gè)水域：昆明湖（內(nèi)湖）、西湖（內(nèi)湖）、與后湖（后河），并根據(jù)我國(guó)古代園林“一池三山”的格局，分別筑有鳳凰墩、藻鑒堂和制鏡閣三座島嶼。說到這里給大家解釋一下“一池三山”。在我國(guó)古代神話傳說中，東海里有蓬萊、方丈、瀛洲三座仙山，山上長(zhǎng)滿了長(zhǎng)生不老藥，住著長(zhǎng)壽快樂的神仙。后來漢武帝在長(zhǎng)安城修建了象征性的“瑤池三仙山”。從系以后“一池三山”就成為歷代皇家園林的傳統(tǒng)格局。頤和園昆明湖中有五座島嶼，其中藻鑒堂比喻蓬萊仙山，制鏡閣比喻方丈仙山，鳳凰墩比喻瀛洲仙山，反應(yīng)的是統(tǒng)治者希望長(zhǎng)壽的思想。昆明湖的里湖狀似一只壽桃，平均水深1.5米，最深處達(dá)3米多，這是京城歷史上第一座天然加人工而形成的大型水庫(kù)。過去的水源主要來自西郊玉泉山下的泉水，元代忽必烈時(shí)期的水利專家郭守敬將昌平的白浮泉水引入，現(xiàn)在與京密引水渠相通，水源更加充沛。
我們現(xiàn)在所在的位置時(shí)昆明湖內(nèi)湖的西側(cè)。大家請(qǐng)往西看，那就是西堤。大家可以數(shù)一下，西堤上共有六座橋。界湖橋是西堤六橋中最北邊的一座橋，位于昆明湖、西湖與后湖的分界處，故名“界湖橋”。清漪園時(shí)期此橋名柳橋，而西堤最南端的柳橋當(dāng)時(shí)叫界湖橋。光緒年間重建時(shí)，將兩橋名稱互換。西堤上的第二座橋?yàn)獒亠L(fēng)橋。在清漪園時(shí)期，這座橋名桑苧橋。光緒年間重建后，慈禧太后避諱已故咸豐皇帝奕寧的名諱，又忌諱諧音如“喪主”，因此改名為豳風(fēng)橋?！搬嬴P”二字出自《詩(shī)經(jīng)》中的《豳鳳*七月》，這首詩(shī)描寫的是西周時(shí)期豳地（今陜西省彬縣一帶）百姓耕田采桑的勞動(dòng)場(chǎng)景。西堤第三座橋?yàn)橛駧?，為高拱形單孔橋，整座橋采用青白石和漢白玉石料精雕細(xì)刻而成，高高拱起的橋面形似玉帶，因此得名。東西兩側(cè)的橋身上鐫刻有乾隆皇帝親筆撰寫的對(duì)聯(lián)和“玉帶橋”三個(gè)字。西堤第四橋鏡橋，名稱是借唐代大詩(shī)人李白“兩水夾明鏡，雙橋落彩虹”詩(shī)句的意境得名。今天的鏡橋是建國(guó)后根據(jù)殘留柱基而重新建造的。西堤第五橋?yàn)榫殬颍Q出自南朝詩(shī)人謝眺的詩(shī)句“余霞散成綺，澄江靜如練”。練本來指白色的絲綢品，這里形容橋架在澄清如練得昆明湖水面上。西堤第六橋?yàn)榱鴺?，是最南邊的一座橋，名稱出自唐代大詩(shī)人杜甫的詩(shī)句“柳橋晴有絮”。因西堤上遍植柳樹，此橋掩映在柳浪之中而得名。
好，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)來到昆明湖中的南湖島，請(qǐng)大家下船。南湖島是昆明湖中最大的島嶼，通過十七孔橋與東堤相連。南湖島北面的這座建筑叫涵虛堂，是乾隆年間仿湖北武昌黃鶴樓建造的，原名為望蟾唐，是三層建筑。后來因?yàn)槟虾u基礎(chǔ)逐漸下沉，嘉慶皇帝便下令將3層的涵虛堂改建為1曾德涵虛堂。光緒年間，慈禧太后效仿乾隆皇帝在昆明湖中檢閱水操戰(zhàn)船，曾親自在涵虛堂大殿內(nèi)檢閱水師學(xué)堂的官兵進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)船陣法演習(xí)。
現(xiàn)在我們所在的位置是廣潤(rùn)靈雨祠，俗稱“龍王廟”，始建于明代?！皬V潤(rùn)”二字本是宋真宗詔封西海龍王的封號(hào)，而昆明湖在明代有“西湖”之稱，故將龍王廟命名為“廣潤(rùn)祠”。清乾隆皇帝80歲時(shí)，曾親自到廣潤(rùn)祠在龍王前祭祀祈雨，結(jié)果當(dāng)晚大雨滂沱。第二天，乾隆皇帝又一次駕臨廣潤(rùn)祠向龍王謝雨，并將名稱改為“廣潤(rùn)靈雨祠”。每年夏季，皇帝或者親自來祭祀行禮，或者派遣大臣來祈求龍王及時(shí)普降喜雨，香火一直延續(xù)到清朝滅亡。
好，各位，我們所在的位置時(shí)南湖島冬的十七孔橋上，十七孔橋東連廓如亭，西接南湖島，全長(zhǎng)150米，寬8米，是仿北京金代著名的盧溝橋而建。大家可以看到，橋的欄桿望柱上精細(xì)雕刻有形態(tài)各異的小獅子544只，超過了盧溝橋的數(shù)量。十七孔橋東側(cè)的這座八角亭就是廓如亭，這是我國(guó)古代園林中現(xiàn)存最大的一座觀景亭，建筑面積約300多平米，由內(nèi)外3圈24根圓柱與16根方柱支撐。在乾隆年間，廓如亭正好位于清漪園與暢春園的分界處，那時(shí)這一帶沒有園墻，在亭內(nèi)觀景，視野十分開闊，故名“廓如亭”。大家再細(xì)看一下，廓如亭與十七孔橋及南湖島連接在一起，形似一只烏龜?shù)念^、頸和身軀，又寓意著長(zhǎng)壽。
廓如亭往北的河堤處伏著一只銅牛，與真牛大小相仿。為什么要在這里設(shè)置一只銅牛呢？有兩種說法：一種說法是為了鎮(zhèn)水，以銅牛鎮(zhèn)水，源于大禹治水的典故。傳說大禹每治理完一處水患，便鑄造一只牛沉入河底，希望河道永固，永不泛濫。自唐代開始，改用銅牛的用意，還特意寫了一篇《金牛銘》，用篆字書體鑄在銅牛背上，大家一會(huì)可以上前去看。另一種說法則是說，在初建園林時(shí)，昆明湖西側(cè)有一組田園風(fēng)光的景致被稱為“織耕圖”，象征織女居住的地方，而東岸的銅牛則象征牛郎隔天河--昆明湖與織女遙遙相望，夠浪漫吧！
沿著東堤往北走，我們就來到了最北端的建筑，大家請(qǐng)看我們前方的這座關(guān)城式建筑，叫文昌閣。閣樓內(nèi)供奉一尊文昌帝君的銅像。相傳文昌帝君是專門主宰人間功名利祿的神，深受世人信奉，連皇帝也不例外。清漪園時(shí)期，文昌閣為3層，重建頤和園后，改為兩層。文昌閣與萬壽山西側(cè)的宿云檐城關(guān)東西相對(duì)，一個(gè)供奉文昌帝君，一個(gè)供奉關(guān)羽，左文右武，寓意大清江山文武輔弼。
好，頤和園的講解到此結(jié)束，請(qǐng)各位自由參觀，20分鐘以后我們?cè)跂|宮門外廣場(chǎng)集合。謝謝大家的合作。
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