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逗號和句點(diǎn)看作整個(gè)句子的一部分，所以它們在引號內(nèi)。

其他符號除非是引號內(nèi)容的一部分，否則除逗號或句點(diǎn)以外的所有標(biāo)記都放在引號之外。

有兩種方法可以在你的文章中加入引語：插入引語和整塊引語。MLA手冊要求只要引用的材料超過四行，就使用整塊引語，而美國心理協(xié)會（APA）則要求任何超過四十個(gè)單詞的內(nèi)容都使用整塊引語。

插入引語通?？梢允褂靡柌迦氲秸闹?/p>

Example:

In his novel White Noise, Don DeLillo neatly summarizes the materialist philosophy: “It’s all this activity in the brain and you don’t know what’s you as a person and what’s some neuron that just happens to fire or just happens to misfire.”

較長的引文也叫整體引文。由于引用的材料與正文相對應(yīng)，因此不必使用引號

逗號是最常用于介紹引用材料的標(biāo)記

Example:

1.The flight attendant asked, “May I see your boarding pass?”

2.Buddha says, “Even death is not to be feared by one who has lived wisely.”

當(dāng)介紹引用材料的文本可以單獨(dú)作為一個(gè)句子時(shí)，應(yīng)使用冒號或句號。冒號也是最常用于引入整段引號的標(biāo)記。

Example:

In Food Rules, Michael Pollan summarizes his extensive writing about food with seven words of advice: “Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants.”

當(dāng)引用的材料直接來自介紹性文本時(shí)，在引用之前不應(yīng)使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號。一個(gè)非常簡短的引文也可以不加標(biāo)點(diǎn)。

特定單詞或字母時(shí)可以使用引號

In the previous sentence, “l(fā)etter” was properly spelled with two “t”s.

附上譯文

His knowledge of Portuguese is limited to obrigado, “thank you,” and adeus, “goodbye.”

單引號用于代替括號，在這種情況下，翻譯不使用逗號

His knowledge of Portuguese is limited to obrigado 'thank you’ and adeus 'goodbye’.

恐嚇引語（也稱為冷笑引語）用于對某個(gè)詞或短語表示懷疑，或強(qiáng)調(diào)或被用作委婉語

在非正式寫作中，英尺和英寸有時(shí)表示為，例如 5′ 10″ (read: five feet and ten inches)

The mark designating feet is a prime; the mark designating inches is a double prime. Periods and commas are placed outside the prime and double prime marks.

在非正式寫作中，省略號可以用來表示思想的拖尾,猶豫

不要在引文的開頭或結(jié)尾使用省略號，即使省略了原句子的開頭或結(jié)尾

MLA風(fēng)格會將省略號放在引用的句子之后

表示原句的一部分被省略

Example:

Thoreau notes: “I learned . . . that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, . . . he will meet with . . . success. . . . He will put some things behind, will pass an invisible boundary. . . . In proportion as he simplifies his life, the laws of the universe will appear less complex. . . .”

Example:

“I learned this . . . : that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, . . . he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.”

Thoreau believes that “if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, . . . he will live with the license of a higher order of beings.”

括號允許在引文中插入材料，表示一種補(bǔ)充，而不是替代。

不清楚的名詞或代詞，可以使用括號進(jìn)行澄清

Example:

The president stated that he “will not sign the bill they [Republican members of the House] have been talking about.”

In his memoirs, the author reveals, “The year we moved into the house [1985] was a difficult one for us, both emotionally and financially.”

The media mogul was overheard saying, “I would never do a deal with [Acme Corporation's CEO,] Wile E. Coyote.”

如果引文中包含可能無法理解的外來詞或短語，請?jiān)诶ㄌ栔刑峁┳g文

Example:

Smith writes in his autobiography: “I seldom spoke in French class. When I did, I usually just said je ne sais pas [I don’t know].”

可以將引用材料的第一個(gè)字母從大寫改為小寫，反之亦然[vice versa]

Example:

“[T]his study has been widely cited, notwithstanding its dubious methodology.”

Under the terms of his employment contract, his “[p]erformance-based stock options shall not vest until December 31, 2025.”

拉丁語術(shù)語sic，意思是“如此”或“如此”，用于表示錯(cuò)誤或確認(rèn)原文中的異常用法。請注意，作為一個(gè)外來術(shù)語，sic應(yīng)為斜體[italicized]，但包含它的括號不應(yīng)為斜體。

如果您懷疑但不確定原文中存在錯(cuò)誤，則可以用括號加問號表示疑問

Example:

“The architect appears to have been heavily influenced by the Bacchus [Bauhaus?] style.”

如果您使用斜體強(qiáng)調(diào)文中的一部分，請?jiān)诶ㄌ栔凶⒚鳌?/p>

另一種方法是在引號外的括號中注明重點(diǎn)，又或者在包含引文的句子末尾添加一個(gè)附加說明。

如果原文包含您認(rèn)為不適合您受眾的語言，可以使用括號將其刪除

Example:

He told them to “sit the [expletive] down.”

括號內(nèi)需要括號是罕見情況，注意如果所引用的材料已經(jīng)包含括號。