前言
原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容,都是初高中生學習中經(jīng)常遇到的重點和難點內(nèi)容,
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秘密一:短語動詞的被動
1.(不及物)動詞+介詞:
若這類短語動詞是及物性的,則可用于被動語態(tài)中,
如:laugh at(嘲笑), look after(照顧), talk about(談論), think of (想起)。
若這類短語動詞是不及物性的則不可用于被動語態(tài)中,如: run out(用完).
2.(及物)動詞+副詞:
bring about(導致,引起), carry out(執(zhí)行), find out(查明真相), make out(辨認出,弄清楚), put away(放好,存儲), put off(推遲), take up(占用,從事), turn down(拒絕), turn out(結(jié)果是), wipe out(消滅,垮臺)等
3. 動詞+副詞 +介詞:
do away with(廢除,去掉;弄死), face up to(面對), look down upon(輕視), make up with(與 ... 重修舊好;與……和解)
4. 動詞+名詞+介詞:
catch sight of(看見), keep an eye on(照看,留意), make a fool of(愚弄,欺騙) , pay attention to(注意) , put an end to (結(jié)束), set fire/light to (點燃), take notice of (注意,留意)等
秘密二:帶復合賓語的動詞在改為被動語態(tài)時,一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語,賓語補足語保留在謂語后面。
主動:We always keep the room clean.
申申老師講解:
本句主語是we, 謂語是keep,賓語是room,所以在變被動語態(tài)時候,把room變?yōu)橹髡Z。
(被動:The room is always kept clean.)
秘密三:主動形式表示被動意義的詞。
常見的有:
1.主動形式,這時動名詞同句中的主語有動賓關(guān)系。
The children need looking after.
The windowswants /requires repairing.
This point deserves mentioning.
申申老師解密:
need doing 翻譯成需要被做,,而高中生應該掌握require 和deserve doing結(jié)構(gòu),分別翻譯成需要被做,和值得被做,應該注意的是,doing結(jié)構(gòu)是主動的,但是表達含義是被動。
2.有些及物動詞后須加副詞 (如:well, easily等可以主動形式表被動)
如:clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write 等。
The cloth washes/ sells well.
The door won’t shut. The play won’t act.
申申老師解密:
上述這些詞如果和副詞連用則可以用主動形式表被動,如果不與副詞連用,則無此用法。
3. 形容詞worth后直接加動名詞時,
如:The book is worth reading twice.
申申老師解密:
be worth doing 主動表被動,翻譯成值得被做,
申申老師拓展1:
如果我們在worth 后面加上字母y就得到了worthy這個單詞,
worthy可作表語,也可作定語.作定語時意思為“有價值的”、“值得尊敬的”、“應受到賞識的”;用作表語時意思為“值得……的”、“應得到……的”,其后接of sth.,也可以后接to do sth.,
例如:①That is worthy of note.那件事值得注意.
②This phenomenon is worthy of being studied.這種現(xiàn)象值得研究.
③This problem is worthy to be considered.這個問題值得考慮.
④The film is worthy to be seen again.這部電影值得再看一遍.
注:“worthy of+動名詞”與“worth+動名詞”在形式上完全不同:worthy of后面接被動式的動名詞;而worth后面接主動式的動名詞,雖然在形式上是主動的,但其意義仍然是被動的.試比較:
The second-hand house is worthy of being bought.= The second-hand house is worth buying.
申申老師拓展2:
worthwhile與worthy一樣,既可作表語,又可作定語.表示某事因重要、有趣或受益大而值得花時間、金錢或努力去做,一般做“值得的”、“值得做的”、“有意義的”解.用作表語時,可接動名詞或動詞不定式.
例如:
The Summer Palace is worthwhile going / to go to have a visit.
Helping old people is a worthwhile activity.
Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion.
I really feel I am doing something worthwhile and I am having a great time doing it.
某些作表語的形容詞后,用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。
The fish is not fit to eat.
He ishard to please.
The article is difficult to understand.
申申老師解密:
這里的意思是形容詞后面+to do 表示被動語態(tài),不可以寫to be done。
4. 某些感官動詞(如:feel, look, prove, smell , sound, taste, wear等)
與形容詞連用時:The water feels very cold.
The dish tastes delicious.
申申老師一句話解密:系動詞無被動語態(tài)。
秘密四:以下動詞構(gòu)成的句子不能改為被動句:
1. 動詞leave, enter, reach 等的賓語是表示處所、地點(國家、團體,組織、軍隊)等。
2. 表示狀態(tài)的動詞,如:become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, mean, suit, look like等。
3. 下列不及物動詞及短語:appear, belong to , break out, die, happen, lie, occur, rise, take place, agree with, belong to, consist of , have on, keep up with 及一些固定詞組,如 keep words, lose heart, make a face等。
申申老師提示:上面這個第3點內(nèi)容,是考試重點。
4. 賓語是反身代詞,相互代詞,同源代詞,不定式,動名詞,抽象名詞等。
7)漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語,在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如:
據(jù)說…… (It is said that) 希望……(It is hoped that)
據(jù)推測說… (it is supposed that) 必須承認……(it must be admitted that)
必須指出… (it must be pointed out that) 眾所周知……(It is well known that)
有人會說….. (It will be said that) 大家認為…..(It is thought that)
有人相信……(It is believed that)
申申老師提示:上面這組固定結(jié)構(gòu)必須掌握。
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